ESAT Maths 2 Interactive Coursebook (Online)

C10 Differentiation

What’s on the Specification
编组 4 编组 4
MM6.1 The derivative of $f(x)$ as the gradient of the tangent to the graph $y = f(x)$ at a point.

  1. Interpretation of a derivative as a rate of change;
  2. Second‑order derivatives;
  3. Knowledge of notation: $\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}$, $\frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2}$, $f^{\prime}(x)$, and $f^{\prime \prime}(x)$.

Differentiation from first principles is excluded.

MM6.2 Differentiation of $x^{n}$ for rational $n$, and related sums and differences. This might require some simplification before differentiating.

For example, the ability to differentiate an expression such as $\frac{(3x+2)^{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$.

MM7.3 An understanding of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and its significance to integration. Simple examples of its use may be required in the forms:

  1. $\int_{b}^{a} f(x)\,\mathrm{d}x = F(b) – F(a)$, where $F'(x) = f(x)$
  2. $\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{~d}x}\int_{a}^{x} f(t)\,\mathrm{d}t = f(x)$
Learning Objectives
编组 4 编组 4
  • Master pre-differentiation algebra by transforming complex rational functions and nested surds into linear combinations of $x^n$ to apply the power rule directly, bypassing the need for advanced quotient or product rules.
  • Optimise gradients and higher-order rates by evaluating the second derivative $\left(f^{\prime \prime}(x)\right)$ not only to classify stationary points, but to precisely isolate the maximum or minimum possible gradient of a curve across a defined domain.
  • Exploit the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus by transitioning seamlessly between integration and differentiation operators $\left(\frac{\mathrm d}{\,\mathrm d x} \int_a^x f(t) \mathrm{~d} t=f(x)\right)$ to extract integrands, synthesising this with the chain rule for composite upper limits.
  • Execute parametric integral optimisation by differentiating definite integrals with respect to an external parameter (e.g., minimising $I(a)=$ $\int_0^1\left(x^2-a\right)^2 \mathrm{~d} x$ by differentiating with respect to $a$ ), treating $x$ strictly as a dummy variable.
Suggested Time
编组 4 编组 4
Task No. of Questions Suggested Time
Examples 7 60 min
Quiz 5 10 min
Practice A 15 45 min
Practice B 20 75 min
Total 47 approx. 3-4 hrs
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Video lecture (English) of C10 Differentiation

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