C03 Cell Division and Sex Determination

B3.1      Mitosis and the cell cycle:

1. Know and understand that the mitotic cell cycle includes interphase (involving cell growth and DNA replication) and mitosis (involving one cell division leading to two daughter cells which are genetically identical to each other and to the parental cell).
2. Know and understand the importance of mitosis in the growth of an organism: specifically, its roles in increasing the number of cells, repairing tissues, replacing cells and asexual reproduction.
3. Know and understand that cancer is the result of changes in cells, including mutations, that lead to uncontrolled cell division.

B3.2      Meiosis and the cell cycle:

1. Know and understand that the meiotic cell cycle includes interphase (involving cell growth and DNA replication) and meiosis (involving two cell divisions leading to four daughter cells, each with a single copy of each chromosome).
2. Know and understand the role of meiosis in producing genetically different haploid gametes so that the zygote (fertilised egg cell) produced at fertilisation is diploid.

B3.3      Asexual and sexual reproduction:

1. Know and understand that asexual reproduction involves one parent and that offspring are genetically identical when no mutations occur.
2. Know and understand that sexual reproduction involves two parents and that offspring are genetically different in relation to each other and the parents, leading to (increased) variation.

B3.4      Sex determination:

1. Know that, in most mammals including humans, females are XX and males are XY.
2. Analyse genetic data and diagrams to establish the sex and ratio of offspring.