| P6.1 |
Wave properties:
- Understand the transfer of energy without net movement of matter.
- Know and understand transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Know and understand the terms: peak, trough, compression and rarefaction.
- Recall examples of waves, including electromagnetic waves and sound.
- Know and be able to use the terms: amplitude, wavelength, frequency and period.
- Know and be able to apply: $\mathrm{frequency = 1/period}$, $\mathrm{f = 1/T}$
- Know and be able to apply: $\mathrm{wave\ speed = distance/time}$
- Know and be able to apply: $\mathrm{wave\ speed = frequency \times wavelength}$, $\mathrm{v = f\lambda}$
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| P6.2 |
Wave behaviour:
- Know and understand reflection at a surface.
- Know and understand refraction at a boundary.
- Know and understand the effect of reflection and refraction on the speed, frequency, wavelength and direction of waves.
- Know and understand the analogy of reflection and refraction of light with that of water waves.
- Know and understand the Doppler effect.
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| P6.4 |
Sound waves:
- Understand the production of sound waves by a vibrating source.
- Understand the need for a medium.
- Understand qualitatively the relation of loudness to amplitude and pitch to frequency.
- Know and understand longitudinal waves.
- Understand that reflection causes echoes.
- Recall that the range of human hearing is $20 \mathrm{Hz}$ to $20 \mathrm{kHz}$.
- Know and understand ultrasound and its uses (sonar and medical scanning).
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| P6.5 |
Electromagnetic spectrum:
- Know and understand the nature and properties of electromagnetic waves (they are transverse waves and travel at the speed of light in a vacuum).
- Recall the component parts of the spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, IR, visible light, UV, X‑rays, gamma).
- Understand the distinction of the component parts by different wavelengths and/or frequencies.
- Recall the order of the component parts by wavelength and/or frequency.
- Understand applications and hazards of the component parts of the electromagnetic spectrum).
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